Pharsal Verbs

TAKE

Take aback - desconcertar, sorprender

• The news took me aback and I couldn't say a word.
  La noticia me sorprendió y no pude decir una sola palabra.

Take after - parecerse a

• If you meet Mickey you'll realize that he's taken after his father.
  Si conoces a Mickey te darás cuenta de que es muy parecido a su padre.

Take along - llevar consigo

• When you come to the party please take along the camera.
  Cuando vengas a la fiesta por favor trae la cámara.

Take apart - (a) destrozar, dar una paliza (b) desmontar

• Donald took Martin apart. You should have seen the competition!
  Donald derrotó a Martin. ¡Deberías haber visto la competencia!
• The bomb squad tried to take the bomb apart this morning.
  El escuadrón antibombas intentó desmantelar una bomba esta mañana.

Take around - visitar un lugar con alguien mostrándole los lugares más interesantes

• Sarah can take you around the city if you have time for a little walk.
  Sarah puede llevarte a visitar la ciudad si tienes tiempo para una pequeña caminata.

take aside - llevar aparte, llevar a un lado

• Ross took Angela aside and told her she should accept the offer.
  Ross llevó a Angela a un lado y le dijo que debería aceptar la oferta.

Take away - llevarse, quitar

• Sue doesn't like nuts, so she took them away and ate her piece of cake.
  A Sue no le gustan las nueces, por eso las sacó y comió su porción de torta.

Take back - devolver, retomar, retirar

• Take back that book as soon as possible, many students need it.
  Devuelve ese libro lo antes posible, muchos alumnos lo necesitan.

Take care of - cuidar

• I would appreciate if you could take care of Mickey tonight.
  Te agradecería que pudieras cuidar a Mickey esta noche.

Take down - (a) bajar (b) tomar nota

• Could you take that box down the shelf? I can't reach it.
  ¿Podrías bajar esa caja del estante? Yo no llego a tomarla.
• The students took down a lot of notes on that subject.
  Los alumnos tomaron un montón de apuntes sobre ese tema.

Take for - tomar por

• What do you take me for? I won't lie to Jane.
  ¿Por quién me tomas? Yo no le voy a mentir a Jane

Take in - (a) asimilar (b) comprender (c) achicar

• Susan can't take in the fact that her boyfriend has lied to her.
  Susan no puede asimilar que su novio le haya mentido.
• There was so much noise that I couldn't take your explanation in.
  Había tanto ruido que no pude entender tu explicación.
• You can wear my dress, but you will need to take in the hem.
  Puedes usar mi vestido, pero tendrás que achicarle el ruedo.

Take off - (a) quitar(se) (b) descontar (c) despegar (d) imitar

• I took my coat off and put it in the closet but now it's gone!
  ¡Me quité el abrigo y lo puse en el armario pero ahora no está!
• I got to the office five minutes late and they took it off my salary.
  Llegué cinco minutos tarde a la oficina y me lo dsecontaron del salairo.
• The plane takes off at seven, we have plenty of time for a drink.
  El avión despega a las siete, tenemos tiempo de sobra para tomar algo.
• Jerry is so good at taking off Jack Nicholson.
  Jerry es muy bueno imitando a Jack Nicholson.

Take on - (a) encargarse de (b) contratar

• When my mother left us, I took on looking after my little sister.
  Cuando mi mamá nos dejó, yo me encargué de cuidar a mi hermanita.
• Chuck was taken on by a very important company las week.
  Chuck fue contratado por una empresa muy importante la semana pasada.

Take out - (a) quitar (b) invitar a una fiesta, etc (c) of - hacer que alguien se sienta
muy cansado (d) on - desquitarse con

• Take out your shoes if you want to rest in my bed.
  Sácate los zapatos si quieres descansar en mi cama.
• Let me take you out for dinner.
  Permíteme que te invite a cenar.
• Can you drive? The trip's taken it out of Tom and he needs to rest.
  ¿Sabes manejar? El viaje ha cansado muchísimo a Tom y necesita un descanso.
• Al was upset about breaking up with Jo and he took it out on me.
  Al estaba molesto por haber terminado con Jo y se desquitó conmigo.

Take over - (a) asumir, encargarse de (b) from - reemplazar a alguien

• I would like the architect to take over the project if you don't mind.
  Me gustaría que el arquitecto se encargue del proyecto si no te molesta.
• Jenny will take over from John until his recovery.
  Jenny reemplazará a John mientras él se repone.

Take through - explicarle algo a alguien o mostrarle cómo se hace algo

• It's easy to handle this machine, I'll take you through how you do it.
  Verás qué facil es utilizar esta máquina, te mostraré cómo se hace.

Take to - encariñarse con alguien, aficionarse a

• Alice took to Paul from the moment she met him.
  Alice se encariñó con Paul desde el momento en que lo conoció.

take up - (a) continuar (b) ocupar tiempo-espacio (c) arrestar (d) comenzar, emprender (e) on - aceptar una oferta (f) with - hacerse amigo de alguien, juntarse con alguien

• Sorry about the interruption, I will take the story up in a minute.
  Perdón por la interrupción, continuaré con la historia en un minuto.
• The piano takes up too much space. We'll move it somewhere else.
  El piano ocupa demasiado espacio. Lo vamos a cambiar de lugar.
• Sam was taken up by mistake.
  Sam fue arrestado por error.
• I think I would like to take up a secretary course.
  Creo que me gustaría comenzar un curso de secretaria.
• Has Mary thought of taking up on the job?
  ¿Ha pensado Mary en aceptar la oferta de trabajo?.
• You won't believe it, but Robert has taken up with Sally's sister.
  No lo vas a creer, pero Robert se ha juntado con la hermana de Sally.

Take upon - atreverse a hacer algo

• Frank finally took upon to go and talk to Wendy.
  Finalmente Frank se atrevió a ir a hablarle a Wendy.

Examples of reported speech

Indirect Speech (also referred to as 'reported speech') refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. It is almost always used in spoken English.

• If the reporting verb (i.e. said) is in the past, the reported clause will be in a past form. This form is usually one step back into the past from the original. For example:
  
  
  • He said the test was difficult.
  • She said she watched TV every day.
  • Jack said he came to school every day.
• If simple present, present perfect or the future is used in the reporting verb (i.e. says) the tense is retained. For example:
  
  
  • He says the test is difficult.
  • She has said that she watches TV every day.
  • Jack will say that he comes to school every day.
• If reporting a general truth the present tense will be retained. For example:The teacher said that phrasal verbs are very important.

Changing Pronouns and Time Signifiers
When changing from direct speech to indirect speech, it is often necessary to change the pronouns to match the subject of the sentence.
For example:

• She said, "I want to bring my children." BECOMES She said she wanted to bring her children.
• Jack said, "My wife went with me to the show." BECOMES Jack said his wife had gone with him to the show.

It is also important to change time words (signifiers) when referring to present, past or future time to match the moment of speaking.

For example:

• She said, "I want to bring my children tomorrow." BECOMES She said she wanted to bring her children the next day.
• Jack said, "My wife went with me to the show yesterday." BECOMES Jack said his wife had gone with him to the show the day before.

Indirect Questions
When reporting questions, it is especially important to pay attention to sentence order. When reporting yes/ no questions connect the reported question using 'if'. When reporting questions using question words (why, where, when, etc.) use the question word.

For example:

• She asked, "Do you want to come with me?" BECOMES She asked me if I wanted to come with her.
• Dave asked, "Where did you go last weekend?" BECOMES Dave asked me where I had gone the previous weekend.
• He asked, "Why are you studying English?" BECOMES She asked me why I was studying English.

Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

 

Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.
When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

For example:
He said he was going to the cinema.

Tense change

As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right:

• 
  

  Past continuous: She said she was teaching English online.

• 
  

  Past perfect simple:  She said she had been on the web since 1999.

• 
  

  Past perfect continuous: She said she had been teaching English for seven years.

• 
  

  Past perfect:  She said she had taught online yesterday

• 
  

  Past perfect continuous: She said she had been teaching earlier.

• 
  

  Past perfect NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.

• Past perfect continuous NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

• Past simple:  She said it was cold.

Modal verb forms also sometimes change:

• 
  

  Would:She said she would teach English online tomorrow

• 
  

  Could: She said she could teach English online.

• 
  

  Had to: She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.

• 
  

  Should: She asked what we should learn today.

• 
  

  Might: She asked if she might open a new browser.

The end.